The word religion can evoke images of religious buildings, chanting, meditating or praying. Yet the concept of religion consists of a wide range of social practices that have profound consequences for individuals and societies. It is difficult to define the concept of religion in a way that includes all its dimensions. For example, some scholars have argued that the concept of religion should not be analyzed using a scientific method, such as by identifying its necessary and sufficient properties. Rather, they advocate a symbolic interactionist approach, which emphasizes the meaning that religious practice conveys to people.
The term religion encompasses beliefs in the existence of disembodied spirits, cosmological orders and the afterlife, as well as rituals that are often associated with these beliefs. Religions may also have strict rules for behavior, and they sometimes include veneration of sacred texts, shrines, artifacts or people (such as saints, mystics, prophets or spiritual superstars). Many religions develop a belief system that includes a doctrine, rituals and moral codes.
People who are religious often feel that something larger than themselves is in control of their lives, and this sense of omnipresence can be calming. However, research suggests that some religions can cause stress, such as when people worry about divine punishment for their misdeeds.
Scientists are investigating whether religion can serve other positive functions, such as promoting ethical behavior or improving mental health and physical wellbeing. The evidence so far suggests that some aspects of religion do provide these benefits, but the results vary widely.